Mysteries of Hamoukar, world's oldest city

Earlier historians supposed that Syrian and Turkish states started their active development only after the contact with Uruk, an ancient state in Southern Iraq. But excavations of Hamoukar proved that highly-developed societies emerged not only in the valley of the Tigris and the Euphrates, but in other areas at the same time. Some researchers even think that the civilization arose originally in Syria. The find has actually changed the traditional idea of the appearance of cities and the civilization on Earth, making scientists to consider its birth and development at a much earlier period of time.

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Previously it was believed that the civilization arose in the Uruk period (ca. 4,000 B.C.), but now there is evidence of its existence in the Ubaid period (ca. 4,500 BC). It means that the first states came into being before the appearance of a written language and other phenomena that were thought to be criteria of the civilization birth. Vital ties were formed between various peoples; they exchanged experience. The civilization was developing by leaps and bounds.

Excavations of Hamoukar promise more discoveries, for it is the only place where layers of 4,000 B.C. lie at a depth of two meters from the earth surface or even higher.

Translated by Julia Bulygina
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