The British Heart Foundation's posters show common ingredients found in many burgers, chicken nuggets and hot dogs. The Food4Thought campaign follows a survey by the charity showing 36% of eight to 14-year-olds did not know the main ingredient of chips was potato.
Nearly one in 10 of the 1000 children questioned thought chips were mostly made of oil, while others suggested eggs, flour or apples and almost 40% of the children also failed to identify that cheese was mostly made of milk.
Peter Hollins, BHF's director general, said the survey results had sent a shiver down his spine, adding: "Kids have lost touch with even the most basic foods and no longer understand what they are eating, the Herald reports.
The BHF will also take a "policy pizza" to Tony Blair calling for more action.
The charity has enlisted the help of ITV sports presenter and mother Gaby Logan to deliver the list of actions it wants taken to boost children's health.
It includes calls for the marketing of unhealthy food and drink to be stopped.
It is estimated around 440,000 more UK children will become overweight or obese in the next two years, with a quarter of youngsters predicted to be overweight by 2020.
Nearly one in 10 of the children questioned for the BHF survey thought chips were made of oil, while others suggested eggs, apples and flour.
More than a third (37%) did not know cheese was mostly made of milk.
A.M.
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